Mechanisms of stress tolerance in insects
An organism’s ability to tolerate and respond to stress is critical to its establishment and persistence within specific localities. The objectives of this research are to identify mechanisms used at multiple biological levels (molecular to population) by insects to prevent and recover from stress-induced damage. Projects investigating these responses range from direct measurement of insect stress tolerance (i.e., cold or dehydration tolerance) to functional genomics and metabolomic analyses. In addition, when possible, field studies will be integrated into these projects to assess if mechanisms identified in laboratory populations can be confirmed in natural populations. Individuals working on these projects will have background knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms used when insects are exposed to stressful periods, as well as the techniques needed to investigate these mechanisms through laboratory- or field-based studies.
Example articles
Viviparous reproduction of insects
Previous studies have assessed the physiological aspects of live-birth reproduction in invertebrates, but little was known about the molecular aspects. These studies identified the underlying mechanisms of viviparous reproduction, including gene expression changes during tsetse lactation and the role of specific proteins in milk homeostasis. The studies identified novel tsetse-specific abortifacients that could be used in vector control protocols. This research culminated in a review in the Annual Review of Entomology and has expanded into live birth studies in cockroaches.
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tRNA and their modifications in blood feeding arthropods
Protein alterations are essential for the physiological functions of blood-feeding arthropods. To support this, transfer RNA (tRNA) abundance and chemical modifications are critical for efficient protein synthesis. This review highlights the role of tRNA regulation in blood-feeding systems. Notably, these modifications are influenced by host-microbe interactions, as they depend on micronutrients sourced from both symbiotic organisms and the arthropod’s diet. Furthermore, tRNA modifications likely play a role in the molecular interplay between vectors and pathogens, potentially affecting pathogen transmission to vertebrate hosts. Overall, tRNA levels and their modifications may play pivotal roles in the complex mosquito–microbiome–pathogen relationship, representing a promising target for disrupting disease transmission.
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Sleep and rhythm processes in blood feeding arthropods
Mosquitoes, like many other insects, have sleep-like states, although quite different from that of mammals. Rather than entering a deep, unconscious state, mosquitoes become less active/responsive to stimuli during rest periods. These resting phases typically occur during the daytime for nocturnal species and at night for diurnal ones. Research shows that mosquitoes adopt a characteristic resting posture, often lowering their bodies and antennae, which suggests a regulated sleep-like state. Sleep in mosquitoes is essential for maintaining their biological functions, including feeding and reproduction.
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